Selected References for
Fast Facts for Critical Care
the 2011 Edition
by Kathleen M. White
www.kathywhite.com
General
1. Guyton A, Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology, Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2010.
2. Lippincott’s Nursing Procedures. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer;Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009.
3. Kolleff MH, Bedient TJ, Isakow W, Witt CA. The Washington Manual of Critical Care. Philadelphia:Wolter Kluwer/Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins:2008.
4. AACN Procedure Manual for Critical Care. edit. Lynn-McHale Wiegand DJ. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2011.
5. Parrillo JE and Dellinger RP. Critical Care Medicine, St. Louis: CV Mosby Co., 2008.
6. Vincent JL , Abraham E,, Kochanek P, et al. Textbook of Critical Care, Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2011.
7. Dellinger RP, et al. Year book of Critical Care Medicine 2004. Philadelphia: Mosby, Inc. 2004.www.ardsnet.org
8. Manufacturer Prescribing Information for each critical care medication
9. American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, at http://Medicinescomplete.com, 2010.
10. Chulay M, Burns S, AACN Essentials of Critical Care Nursing. McGraw-Hill, 2006.
Cardiovascular
1, 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. O’Connor RE, Brady W, Brooks SC. Part 10: Acute Coronary Syndromes. in the. Circulation, 2010;122: S787-S817.
2. Albert NA and Lewis C. Recognizing and managing asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. CritCare Nurse, 2008;28:20-37.
3. Parillo JE, Yen AD. The golden hour of right ventricular ischemia. Crit Care Med, 2008;36(7):2194-2195.
4. Hamel W. Femoral artery closure after cardiac catheterization. Crit Care Nurse,2009;29:36-46.
5. Shoulders-Odom B. Management of patients after percutaneous coronary interventions. Crit Care Nurse, Oct 2008;28(5):26-39.
6. Hamon M, Agostini D, Le Page O, et al. Prognostic impact of right ventricular involvement in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Crit Care Med, 2008; 36:2023–2033.
7. Kushner FG, Hand M, Smith SC, et al. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the management of patients with ST-Elevation myocardial infarction and ACC/AHA/SCAI guidelines on percutaneous coronary intervention. 2009 Focused updates. Circulation, 2009;120:2271-2306.
8. Gillinov AM. Commentary on the ACC/AHA Commentary on the ACC/AHA 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Disorders. J Thor & CV Surg, August 2008;136:280-282.
9. Epstein AE et al, ACC/AHA/HRS Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy:Executive Summary. Circulation,2008;117:2820-2840.
10. AACN Practice Alert. Deep vein thrombosis prevention, AACN News January 2006;23(1):4&14.
11. Bartley MK, Keep venous thromboembolism at bay. Nursing 2006;36(10):36-43.
12. Dunbar SB. Psychosocial issues of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Amer J Crit Care, 2005;14(4):294-303.
13. Chapa DW, Lee HJ Kao CW, et al. Reducing mortality with device therapy in heart failure patients without ventricular arrhythmias. Am J Crit Care, 2008;17: 443-452.
14. Tilton D. The essence of heart failure. http://www.CEUfast.com; 9/22/2008.
15. Thomas SA, Friedmann E, Kao C, et al. Quality of life and psychological status of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Amer J Crit Care, 2006;15(4):389-398.
16. ACCP Guidelines. Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy, 8th ed. Chest, June 2008;133:(6 suppl)
17. AHA post cardiac arrest syndrome: epidemilogy, pathophysiology, treatment, and prognostication. Circulation, 2008;118:2452-2483.
18. Hamel WJ. Femoral artery closure after cardiac catheterization. Crit Care Nurs, Feb 2009;29(1):39-46.
19. Geerts WH, Bergqvist D, Pineo GF,, et al. Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism. American College of Chest Physicians Evidence- Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition)Chest 2008;133;381S-453S
20. Yen DA. The golden hour of right ventricular ischemia. CCM,July 2008;36(7):2194-2195.
21. Kearon C, Kahn SR, Agnelli G, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease. Chest, 2008;133:454S-545S.
22. Geerts WH, Bergqvist D, Pineo GF, et al. Prevention of venous thrombembolism. Chest 2008;133:381S-453S.
23. Carroll DL, Hamilton GA. Long-term effects of ICD on health status, quality of life, and psychological state.AJCC, 2008;17:222-230.
24. ACC/AHA Pocket Guideline. Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA et al. Device-based cardiac rhythm abnormalities. May 2008. Medtronic Corp. Minneapolis MN.
25. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for implantable defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Medtronic Corp, Minneapolis MN, 2008.
26. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities. Circulation,2008;117:2820-2840.
27. 2009 ACCF/AHAsGuidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults. Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, et al., J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009;53(15):1343-1382.
28. Hamel WJ. Femoral artery closure after cardiac catheterization. Crit Care Nur, 2009;29:39-46.
29. Shoulders-Odom B. Management of patients after percutaneous coronary interventions. CritCareNurs, October 2008; 28(5):26-41.
30. Kushner FG, Hand M, Smith SC, et all.ACC/AHA Guidelines for the management of patients with ST-Elevation myocardial infarction and ACC/AHA/SCAI Guidelines for percutaneous coronary intervention. (Circulation. 2009;120:2271-2306.)
31. Rautaharju PM, Surawicz B, Gettes LS. AHA/ACCF/HRS Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram: Part IV: The ST Segment, T and U Waves, and the QT Interval. Circulation 2009;119;e241-e250
32. Ginsberg F. Natriuretic peptides: biomarkers not predictive in the ICU. Critical Care Medicine: April 2007; 35(4):1194-1195
33. Frazier SK, Arthur EK. Nurs2009CritCare, Nov 2009;4(6):15-21.
34. Caboral MF, Salak K, Mitchell JE. Are you up to date with the heart failure guidelines? Nurs2009CritCare, Nov 2009;4(6):36-41.
35. McQuillan AK. Inducing hypothermia after cardiac arrest. CritCareNurs, 2009;29:75-78.
36. Wolfrum S, Pierau C, Radke Pw, et al. Mild therapeutic hypothermia in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. CritCareMed,2008;36(6):1780-1786.Parham
37. Parham W, Edelstein K, Unger B, Mooney M. Therapeutic hypothermia for acute myocardial infarction: Past, present, and future. CritCare Med, 2009;37(7):S234-S237.
38. Polderman KH. Mechanisms of action, physiological effects, and complications of hypothermia. CritCare Med, 2009;37 (7):S186-S202.
39. Seder DB, Van der Kloot TE. Methods of cooling: practical aspects of therapeutic temperature management. CritCare Med, 2009;37(7):S211-S222.
40. Sagalyn E, Band R, Gaieski DF, Abella BS. Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest in clinical practice: review and compilation of recent experiences. CritCare Med, 2009;37(7):S223-S226.
41. Kupchik NL. Development and implementation of a therapeutic hypothermia protocol. CritCare Med, 2009;37(7):S279-S284. Pelter MM, Kozik T, Carey MG. ECG Changes during induced hypothermia after cardiac arrest. AJCC, November 2006;15(6): 631-632.
42. University of Chicago. Therapeutic Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest (a protocol). http://erc.uchicago.edu/pdfs/ Therapeuticuch_014171.pdf
Hemodynamics
1. Rauen CA, Makic MB Bridges E. Evidence-based practice habits: transforming research into bedside practice. Crit Care Nurs, 2009;29(2):46-60.
2. Bridges E, Hemodynamic monitoring. AACN Adv Crit Care, 2006;17(3):285-304.
3. Darovic GO. Handbook of Hemodynamic Monitoring. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004.
4. Darovic GO. Hemodynamic Monitoring, Invasive and Noninvasive Clinical Application. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2002.
5. Mermel LA. Arterial catheters are not risk-free spigots. Crit Care Med, 2008; 36(2):620-622.
6. Vincent JL, Pinsky MR, Charles L. Sprung CL. The pulmonary artery catheter. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:3093–3096.
7. AACN. Practice alert: Pulmonary artery pressure measurement. http://www.aacn.org
8. Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Edwards Critical-Care Division. Hemodynamics and oxygenation parameters. (laminated pocket card), no date supplied.
9. Hewlett Packard & AAACN. Hemodynamic monitoring (laminated pocket card). no date supplied
10. Moore, Frederick A. MD; McKinley, Bruce A. PhD; Moore, Ernest E. MD et al Guidelines for Shock Resuscitation The Journal of Trauma, Volume 61(1) July 2006 pp 82-89
11. Juarai R, Fellner B, Haoula D, et al. Early assessment of outcome in cardiogenic shock. CritCare Med, 2009;37(6): 1837-1844.
12. Giuliano KK. Physiological monitoring in critically ill patients: testing a predictive model for early detection of sepsis. AJCC, 2007;16:122-130.
13. Mermel LA. Arterial catheters are not risk-free spigots. CCM, Feb 2008;36(2):620-622.
14. Murphy CV, Schramm GE, Doherty JA, et al. The Importance of Fluid Management in Acute Lung Injury Secondary to Septic Shock. Chest, July 2009; 136(1):102-109.
15. Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med, 2008;36:296-327.
16. Jones AE, Trzeciak S, Kline JA. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score for predicting outcome in patients with severe sepsis. Crit Care Med, 2009; 37:1649–1654.
17. Rivers EP, Kruse JA, Jacobsen G, et al. The influence of early hemodynamic optimization on biomarker patterns of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:2016–2024
18. Dellinger RP. Sepsis. Crit Care Clinics, Oct 2009;25(4)
19. Oeyen S. Do you still believe in tight blood glucose control? CCM Dec2008;36(12):3277-3278.
20. Hoedemaekers C, Gunnewiek K, Jacqueline MT, et al. Accuracy of bedside glucose measurement from three glucometers in critically patients. CCM, Nov 2008;36(11):3062-3066.
21. Shearer A, Boehmer M, Closs M. Comparison of glucose point-of-care values with lab values in critically ill patients. AJCC, 2009;18:224-230.
22. Fahy B, Sheey AM, Coursin DB. Glucose control in the intensive care unit. (A definitive review) CCM,2009;37(5):1769-1776.
23. Buonocore D. Treatment of hyperglycemia. Crit Care Nurs,Dec 2008;28( 6):72-73.
24. Tuggle D. Hypotension & shock: the truth about blood pressure. Nurs 2009 Crit Care, Nov 2009;4(6):28-35.
25. Jones AE et al. Lactate clearance vs central oxygen saturation as goals of early sepsis therapy. JAMA Feb 2010;303:739.
26. Cinnel I, Opal SM. Molecular biology of inflammation and sepsis; A primer. shock.(Crit Care Med
2009; 37:291–304
27. Marshall JC, Reinhart K. for the International Sepsis Forum. Biomarkers of sepsis. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:2290 –2298)
28. Thiel SW, Asghar MF, Micek S, et al. Hospital-wide impact of a standardized order set for the management of bacteremic severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:819–824
29. Shapiro NI, Trzeciak S, Hollander JE, et al. A prospective, multicenter derivation of a biomarker panel to assess risk of organ dysfunction, shock, and death in emergency department patients with suspected sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2009; 37:96 –104)
30. Doig G. Effectiveness of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in clinical practice: A stitch in time Crit Care Med, 2008;36(1):332-333.
31. Be´laïd B, Nicolas-Robin A, Arbelot C, et al. Acute left ventricular dilatation and shock-induced myocardial dysfunction. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:441– 447.
ACLS & Stroke
1. Travers AH, Rea TD, Bobrow BJ, et al. Part 4: CPR Overview, in The 2010 AHA Guidelines for CPR and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science. Circulation 2010;122:S676-S684.
2. Berg RA, Hemphill R, Abella BS. Part 5: Adult Basic Life Support, in the 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation, 2010;122: S685-S705.
3. Link MS, Atkins DL, Passman RS, at al. Part 6: Electrical Therapies. in the 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation, 2010;122:S706-S719.
4. Cave DM, Gazmuri RJ, Otto CW, et al. Part 7: CPR Techniques and Devices in the 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation, 2010;122: S720-S728.
5. Neumar RW, Otto CW, Link MS, et al. Part 8: ACLS, in the 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation, 2010;122: S729-S767.
6. Peberdy MA, Callaway CW, Neumar RW. Part 9: Post-cardiac arrest care: in the 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation, 2010;122: S768-S786.
7. Jauch EC, Cucchiara B, Adeoye O, et al. Part 11: Adult Stroke, in the 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation, 2010;122: S818-S828.
8. Meurant F, Bodart A, Koch JP. Sedation or analgo-sedation in the ICU: A multimodiality approach. Yearbook of Inten Care and Emer Med, 2008;2008(XXI):850-862.
9. SCCM Webcast. Hypothermia following cardiac arrest. 10/28/2010
10. del Zoppo GJ, Saver JL,Jauch ED, et al. Expansion of the time window for treatment of acute ischemic stroke with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Stroke, 2009;40:2945-2948. http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/40/8/2945
11. Jauch EC, Kissela B, Stettler B. Acute stroke management. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1159752.
12. Leibowitz AB. Perdidtent preoxygenation efforts before tracheal intubation are of no use: who would have guessed? Crit Care Med, 2009;37(1):335-336.
13. Polderman KH and Ingebord H. Therapeutic hypothermia and controlled normothermia in the intensive care unit: Practical considerations, side effects, and cooling methods. (Review Article). Crit Care Med 2009; 37:1101–1120
14. American Heart Association, Handbook of Emergency Cardiovascular Care, 2008.
15. Philips Medical. Biphasic Defibrillation. http://www.medical.philips.com, 2004.
16. Cummins RO et al. Low-energy biphasic waveform defibrillation. Circulation, 1998;97:1654-1667.
17. Doukky R. Using transcutaneous cardiac pacing to best advantage. J of Crit Illness, 2003.
18. Anderson R. Therapeutic Hypothermia. Crit Care Nurse, 2007;27: 61-62
19. Bader MK,Rovzar M, Baumgartner L, et al. Keeping cool: a case for hypthermia after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AJCC, 2007;16:636-640.
20. McQuillan K. Inducing hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Crit Care Nurs, Crit Care Nurse. 2009;29: 75-78
21. Polderman KH, Herold I. Therapeutic hypothermia and controlled normothermia in the ICU: practical considerations, side effects, and cooling methods. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:1101–1120.
22. Polderman, Kees H. Mechanisms of action, physiological effects, and complications of hypothermia. Critical Care Medicine. 37 (7):S186-S202, July 2009.
23. Kozik TM. Induced hypothermia for patients with cardiac arrest. CritCareNurs,2007;27:36-42.
24. Kupchik NL. Development and implementation of a therapeutic hypothermia protocol. Crit Care Med 2009; 37[Suppl.]:S279 – S284.
25. American Stroke Association. Broderick J, Connolly S, Feldmann E. et al. Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke. Stroke,2007;38:1655-1711.
26. American Stroke Association. Adams HP, del Zoppo G,Alberts MG, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults. Stroke,2007;38:2001-2023.
27. Adams HP, del Zoppo G, Alberts MG, et al. American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke . Stroke,2007;38(5):1655-1711.
28. Miller J, Mink J. Acute ischemic stroke. Nurs2010CritCare,5(1):40-46.
29. Lansberg MG, Bluhmki E, Thijs VN. Efficacy and Safety of Tissue Plasminogen Activator 3 to 4.5 Hours After Acute Ischemic Stroke. A Metaanalysis.Stroke. 2009;40:2438.
30. Lavery GG, McCloskey BV. The difficult airway in adult critical care. Crit Care Med, 2008;36(7):2163-2173
31. Gibbons KJ. The "how to" of temperature management in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med, 2009;37(3):1172-1173.
32. Wolfrum S, Pierau C, Radke PW,Schunkert H. Mild therapeutic hypothermia in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing immediate percutaneous coronary intervention. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:1780–1786
33. Liu L and Gropper MA. Tracheostomy protocol compliance: Herding cats? Critical Care Medicine, 2008;36(6):1959-1960
Stat Meds and Med Facts
1. American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, at http://www.Medicinescomplete.com, 2010.
2. http://www.pdr.net
3. http://www.globalrph.com
4. http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/
5. Jabre P et al. Etomidate versus ketamine for rapid sequence intubation in acutely ill patients: A multicentre randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2009
6. Kress JP, Hall JB. Sedatioin in the mechanically ventilated patient. CCM 2006;34(10):2541-2546.
7. Kelton JG. The pathophysiology of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Chest, Feb 2005;127(2):9-20
8. Levine RL, Cooney MF. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. AACN News, Nov 2006;Suppl:3-13. http://professionals.epilepsy.com for SE meds
9. Schwartz AJ. Learning the essentials of epidural anesthesia. Nursing 2006;36(1):44-50.
10. Burton S, Alexander E. Avoiding the pitfalls and ensuring the safety of sustained neuromuscular blockade, AACN Adv Crit Care, 2006;17(3):239-245.
11. Cooney MF. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. CritCareNurse,2006;6:30-37.
12. Wright J. Cardiovascular meds. RN, May2006;69(5):33-39.
13. ASHP. Clinical practice guidelines for sustained neuromuscular blockade in the adult critically ill patient. www.ASHP.org.
14. Henderson CL. Using the peripheral nerve stimulator to guide neuromuscular blocking agent doses. www.aacn.org.
15. Helms JE and Barone CP. Physiology and treatment of pain. Crit Care Nurse, 2008;28:38-49.
16. Lat I, McMilliam W, Taylor S, et al. The impact of delirium on clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated surgical and trauma patients. Crit Care Med, 2009;37(6):1898-1905.
17. Campbell N, Boustani MA, Ayub A, et al. Pharmacological management of delirium in hospitalized adults--a systematic evidence review. J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Jul;24(7):848-53.
18. Campbell N, Boustani MA, Ayub A, et al. Pharmacological management of delirium in hospitalized adults-a systematic evidence review. J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Jul;24(7):848-53. Epub 2009 May 8.
19. Riker RR, Shehabi Y, Bokesch PM, Dexmedetomidine vs Midazolam for Sedation of Critically Ill Patients. JAMA. 2009;301(5): (doi:10.1001/jama.2009.56).
20. O'Connor M, Bucknall T, Manias E. A critical review of daily sedation interruption in the intensive care unit. J Clin Nurs. 2009 May;18(9):1239-49.
21. Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, Koster A, Lincoff AM. Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Chest, 2008;133:340S-380S.
22. Riker RR, Shehabi Y, Bokescj PM et al. Dexmedetomidine vs Midazolam for sedation of critically ill patients. JAMA. 2009;30 (5):489-499.
23. Kearon C, Kahn SR, Agnelli G, et al., Antithrombotic Therapy for Venous Thromboembolic Disease. American College of Chest Physicians Evidence- Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition) Chest 2008;133;454S-545S
24. Costello DJ, Cole AJ. Treatment of Acute Seizures and Status Epilepticus, J Intensive Care Med 2007; 22; 319-347.
25. Ansell J, Hirsh J, Jacobson A,Crowther M, Palareti G. Pharmacology and management of the Vitamin K antagonists. Chest, 2008;133:160S-198S
26. Lankiewicz MW. Hays J, Friedman KD, et al. Urgent reversal of warfarin with prothrombin complex concentrate. J Thromb and Haemostasis, 2006;4(5):967-970.
27. Warren O, Simon B. Massive, fatal, intracardiac thrombosis associated with prothrombin complex concentrate. Ann Emerg Med, 2009;53(6):758-761.
28. Fassbender P, Geldner G, Blobner M, et al. Clinical predictors of duration of action of cisatracurium and rocuronium administered long-term. AJCC,September 2009;18(5):439-445.
29. Drexler AJ. Managing the patient with HIT. Nurs2007CritCare, 2007;2(6):18-27.
30. Erstad BL, Puntillo K, Gilbert HC, et al. Pain management principles in the critically ill. Chest,2009;135(4):1075-1086.
31. Puntillo K. Managing pain, delirium, and sedation. CritCareNurs, Feb 2007;suppl:8-19.
32. Ely EW. Identification of delirium in the ICU. 38th CritCareCongress Review, June 2009:8-10.
33. Haas CE. Monitoring anticoagulation therapy in the critically ill. CritConnections, April 2008:10-14.
34. Dressler DK. Death by clot. AACN AdvCritCare,2009;20(2):166-176.
35. Devlin JW, Tanios MA, Epstein SK. ICU Sedation. CCM, Feb2006;34(2):
36. Cooper B. Vasoactive medication dosage and daily weight changes. CritCareNurs, 2008;28:136-137.
37. Goodman SG, Menon V, Cannon C. Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy guideline, 8th ed. Chest 2008; 133:708S–775S
38. Ertmer C, Westphal M, Morel A. Aerosolized Levosimendan. Crit Care Med, 2008;36(6):1979-1981.
39. Ertmer C, Morelli A, Westphal M. Calcium sensitizing in sepsis: is levosimendan on the right path? Crit Care Med, 2008;36(6): 1981-1982.
40. Algozzine GJ, Algozzine R, Lilly D, Critical Care Intravenous Infusion Drug Handbook. St Louis: Mosby, 2010.
41. Trohman RC. Adenosine for diagnosis of wide QRS tachycardia: rapid infusion for an easier conclusion. Crit Care Med, 2009;37(9):2651-2652.
42. McNamara L. Patient care and delirium assessment. AJCC,2008;17:576.
43. Schorr, C. Nurse-driven sedation: Will it steer patients toward early weaning? Crit Care Med, 2008;36(7):2199-2200.
44. Quenot JP, Ladoire S, Devoucoux F, et al. Effect of a nurse-implemented sedation protocol on the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med, 2007;35(9):2031-2036
45. Pasero C, Puntillo K, Li D, et al. Structured approaches to pain management in the ICU. Chest. 2009 Jun;135(6):1665-72.
46. Williams T, Martin S, Leslie G, et al. Duration of mechanical ventilation in an adult intensive care unit after introduction of sedation and pain scales. AJCC,2008;17:349-356.
ECG
1. Jacobson C. CMC Certification Review: Arrhythmias and arrhythmia therapy. 2009, http://www.cardionursing.com.
2. Collins ML. When and why to use continuous ST-segment monitoring. Nurs 2009 CritCare; 4(4):6-8.
3. Rosenthal L, McManus DD. Atrial Fibrillation. medscape emedicine cardiology. emed http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/151066, July 2009.
4. AACN Practice Alert. Audit of ST Segment Monitoring, April 2006. AACN.org.
5. AACN Practice Alert. Dysrhythmia monitoring. CritCareNurse, October 2008;28(5):90-91.
6. AACN Practice Alert. Electrode placement and lead selection audit tool. CritCareNurse, April 2008.
7. Baranchuk A, Shaw C, Alanazi H, et al. Electrocardiography pitfalls and artifacts. Crit Care Nurse, 2009;29:67-73.
8. Keller KB and Lemberg L. Torsade. AJCC, 2008;17:77-81.
9. ECG Interpretation made incredibly easy. Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins. Sept 2010.
10. Pelter MM and Carey MG. Abnormal conduction. AJCC, 2008;17(173-174)
12 Yee CA. Atrial Fibrillation. Nursing 2006 Crit Care, 1(5):30-38.
13. Funk M., editor. Electrocardiographic monitoring. AACN Adv Crit Care, July-Sept 2007; 263-317.
14. Palatnik AM. Dysrhythmias that every nurse should recognize. Nurs2009,Sept;38-46.
15. Drew BJ, Califf RM, Funk M, et al. Practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings: an American Heart Association Scientific Statement. Circulation,2004;110;2721-2746.
16. Sandau KE & Smith M. Continuous ST-Segment Monitoring: Protocol for Practice CritCareNurse, August 2009;29(4):39-50.
17. Collins ML. When and why to use continuous ST-segment monitoring. Nurs2009 CritCare;4(4):6-8.
18. Flanders SA. ST-Segment Monitoring. AACN Adv Crit Care,2007;18(3):275-284.
19. Sommargren CE, Drew BJ. Preventing torsades de pointes by careful cardiac monitoring. AACN Adv Crit Care, 2007;18(3):285-293.
20. Foran CK. Long QT syndrome: dangerous delay. Nurs2009CritCare;4(1):5-7.
21. Buckler Lacey, Turner V. Determining axis deviation. Nurs2008CritCare;3(3):5-9.
22. Femlee N. Bundle branch blocks. Nurs2008CritCare;3(6):5-7.
23. Jacobson C. Understanding atrioventricular blocks, Part I: first degree and second degree AV Blocks. AACN Adv CritCare,2008;19(4):478-484.
24. Jacobson C. Understanding atrioventricular blocks, Part II: High-grade and third-degree AV blocks. AACN Adv CritCare,2008;20(1):112-116.
25. Funk M., editor. Electrocardiographic monitoring. AACN Adv Crit Care, July-Sept 2007; 263-317.
26. Palatnik AM. Dysrhythmias that every nurse should recognize. Nurs2009,Sept;38-46.
27. Collins ML. When and why to use continuous ST-segment monitoring. Nurs2009 CritCare;4(4):6-8.
28. Rautaharju PM, Surawicz B, Gettes LS. AHA/ACCF/HRS Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram: Part IV: The ST Segment, T and U Waves, and the QT Interval. Circulation 2009;119;e241-e250
29. Desbiens NA. Simplifying the diagnosis and management of pulseless electrical activity in adults: a qualitative review. CritCare Med, 2008;36(2):391-396.
30. Dubin D. Rapid Interpretation of EKG’s, Tampa Florida: Cover Publishing Co., 2000.
Pacing
1. Curtis AB. Fundamentals of Cardiac Pacing. Jones and Bartlett, Sudbury MA: 2010
2. Kusumoto FM, Goldschlager NF. Cardiac Pacing for the Clinician, Springer 2008
3.. Timothy PR, Rodeman BJ. Temporary pacemakers in critically ill patients. AACN Adv Crit Care,July/Sept 2004;15(3):303-325
4. Medtronic. Corp. Model 5388 Dual Chamber Temporary Pacemaker, 2009. http://www.medtronic.com.
5. Medtronic Corp. Model 5348 Single chamber temporary pacemaker user guide. 2007, www.medtronic. com.
6. Gregoratos G, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices.Circulation 2002;106:2145-2161.
7. Overbay D, Criddle L. Mastering temporary invasive cardiac pacing. Crit Care Nurse, June 2004;24(3):25-32.
8. Stone KR, McPherson CA. Assessment and management of patients with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Crit Care Med, 2004;32(4 Suppl):S155-S164.
9 Moses HW, Mullin JC. Practical Guide to Cardiac Pacing. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wiliams, 2007.
10. Hasan S, Lewis CT. A New Method of Temporary Epicardial Atrioventricular Pacing Utilizing Bipolar Pacing Leads. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;79:1384-1387
11. Woods S, Freolicher ESS, Motzer SU, Bridges EJ.Cardiac Nursing. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, 2005.
12. Batra AS, Balaji S. Post op temporary epicardial pacing: when, how and why? Annals of Pediatric Cardiology,2008;1(2):120-125.
Respiratory
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4. AACN Practice Alert. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Crit Care Nurse, 2008;28:83-85
5. Murphy CV, Schramm GE, Doherty JA, et al. The Importance of Fluid Management in Acute Lung Injury Secondary to Septic Shock. Chest July 2009,136(1):102-109
6. Eskandar N and Apostolakos MJ. Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation. Crit Care Clinics, 2007;23(2): 263-274
7. Beattie S. Back to basics with O2 therapy. RN, Sept 2006;69(9): 37-40.
8 St. John RE. Airway and ventilatory management. in M. Chulay and Burns SM. AACN essentials of critical care nursing New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2006: p.127.
9. 6 mL/kg tidal volume ventilation strategy synopsis. http://www.ARDSNet.org.
10. ARDSnet.org. Lower tidal volume/higher PEEP reference card.
11. Ramzi D, Wm Leeper KV. DVT and Pulmonary Embolism. Am Fam Physician, 2004;69:2829-36.
12. Jesurum J. SvO2 monitoring. Crit Care Nurse, 2004;24(4):73-76.
13. Pruitt WC, Jacobs M. Interpreting arterial blood gases. Nursing, 2004;34(8):50-53.
14. Lisboa T, Diaz E, Sa-Borges M, et al. The ventilator-associated pneumonia PIRO score: a tool for predicting ICU mortality and health-care resources use in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest. 2008 Dec;134(6):1208-16. Epub 2008 Sep 8.
15. Grap MJ. Not-so-trivial pursuit: mechanical ventilation risk reduction. AJCC,2009;18(4):299-309.
16. Stich JC, Cassella DM. Oxygen delivery devices. Nurs2009. Sept;51-54.
17. Kallus C. Building a solid understanding of mechanical ventilation. Nurs 2009;June:22-28.
18. Burns SM. Pressure modes of mechanical ventilation. AACN AdvCritCare,2008;19(4):399-411.
19. Fuchs EM, Von Rueden K. Sedation management in the mechanically ventilated critically ill patient. AACN Adv CritCare,2008;19(4):421-432.
20. Lian J X. Know the facts of mechanical ventilation. Nursing2008,43-49.
21. Rose L, Nelson S, Johnston L, Presneill JJ. Decisions made by critical care nurses during mechanical ventilation and weaning. AJCC,2007;16(5):434-443.
22. Woodruff DW. Six steps to ABG Analysis.Nursing2007;2(2):48-52.
23. Murray T, Goodyear-Bruch C. Ventilator-associated pneumonia improvement program.AACN AdvCritCare,2007;18(2):190-199.
24. Augustyn B. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. CritCareNurs,2007;27(4):32-39.
25. Cason CL, Tyner, T, Saunders S, Broome L. Nurses’ implementation of guidelines for VAP from the CDC. AJCC, 2007;16:2-37.
26. Dickinson S, Zalewski CA. Oral care during mechanical ventilation: critical for VAP prevention. CritCareConnections, February 2008, 8-9.
27. DePew CL, McCarthy MS. Subglottic secretion drainage. AACN AdvCritCare,2007;18(4):366-379.
28 Johnson D, Lineweaver L, Maze LM. Patients’ bath basins as potential sources of infection.AJCC,2009;18(1):31-40.
29. Halm MA, Krisko-Hagel K. Instilling normal saline with suctioning. AJCC,2008;17:169-472.
30. MacIntyre NR. Evidenced-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuing ventilatory support. www.chestjournal.org. Chest 2001;120;375S-396S.
31. Eskandar N, Apostolakos MJ. Weaning from mechanical ventilation. CritCareClin,2007;23(2):263-274.
32. Rose L, Redl L. Survey of cuff management practices in ICU’s in Australia and New Zealand. AJCC, 2008;17:428-435
33. Curry K, Cobb S, Kutash M, Diggs C. Characteristics associated with unplanned extubation in a surgical ICU. AJCC, 2008;17:45-51.
34. Halm MA, Krisko-Hagel K. Instilling normal saline with suctioning. AJCC, 2008;17:469-472.
35. Lucangelo U, Zin WA, Antonaglia V, et al. Effect of PEEP and type of tracheal cuff on the incidence of aspiration in mechanically ventilated patients in an ICU. CCM, 2008;36:409-413.
36. Hill NS, Brennan J, Garpestad E, et al. Noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med,2007;35(10):2402-2407.
37. Shaughnessy K. Massive pulmonary embolism. CCN, 2007;27:39-50.
38. Mancini MC. Pneumothorax. http://emedicine.medscape.com, March 2011.
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Neuro
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2. Bhardwaj A, Mirski MA, Ulatowski JA. Handbook of Neurocritical Care. Springer, 2010.
3. Brain Trauma Foundation. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury, New York: 2007.
4. March K. Intracranial pressure monitoring. Why monitor? AACN Clin Issues, 2005;16(4):456-475.
5. Kirkness CJ. Cerebral blood flow monitoring in clinical practice. AACN Clin Issues, 2005;(4):476-487.
6. Wartenberg KE, Schmidt JM, Claassen J, et al. Impact of medical complications on outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. CCM, 2006;34(3):617-623.
7. Naval NS, Stevens RD, Mirski MA, et al. Controversies in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. CCM, 2005;34(2):511-524).
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9. O’Connor KJ, Wood KE, Lord K. Intensive Management of Organ Donors to Maximize Transplantation. Crit Care Nurse. 2006;26:94-100.
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13. Brettler S. Endovascular coiling for cerebral aneurysms. AACN Clin Issues, 2005;16(4):515-525
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16. Vespa PM. The golden day after subarachnoid hemorrhage. CCM, 2004;32(3):902-903.
17. Claassen J et al. Effect of acute physiologic derangements on outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. CCM, 2004;32(3):832-838.
18. Arbour R. Intracranial hypertension: monitoring and nursing assessment. Crit Care Nurse, 2004;24(5):19-34.
19. Kocan MJ. Ask the experts - irrigating ventriculostomy catheters. Crit Care Nurse, 2002;22(6)70-72.
20. Rosenthal G, Hemphill JC, Sorani M, et al Brain tissue oxygen tension is more indicative of oxygen diffusion than oxygen delivery and metabolism in patients with traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med, 2008;36(6):1917-1924.
21. Oddo M, LeRoux P. Brain tissue oxygen monitors: more than an ischemia monitor. Crit Care Med, 2008;36(6):1984-1985
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25. Naidech AM, Jovanovic B, Wartenberg KE, et al. Higher hemoglobin is associated with improved outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. CCM, 2007;35:2383-2389.
26. Kirkness CJ, Burr RL, Mitchell PH. Intracranial and blood pressure variability and long term outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. AJCC, 2009;18:241-251.
27. Muench E, Horn P, Bauhuf C, et al. Effects of hypervolemia and hypertension on regional cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and brain tissue oxygenation after subarachnoid hemorrhage. CCM,2007;35(8):1844-1851.
28. Vacca VM, Violett S. Cerebral arteriovenous malformation. Nurs2008CritCare,3(3):21-28.
29. Olson D, Halley N. Cerebral aneurysm. Nurs2008CritCare,3(6):22-27.
30. Dudkiewicz M, Proctor KG. Tissue oxygenation during management of cerebral perfusion pressure with phenylephrine or vasopressin. CC, 2008;36(9):2641-2650.
31. Jichici D, Hemphill JC, Low brain tissue oxygen predicts poor outcome, but does it give insight to possible interventions? CCM,2009;37(6): 2134-2135
32. Maloney-Wilensky E, Gracias V, Itkin A, et al. Brain tissue oxygen and outcome after severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. CCM,2009;37(6):2057-2063.
33. Stewart C, Haitsma I, Zadoe Z, et al. The new Licox combined brain tissue oxygen and brain temperature monitor. Neurosurg,2008;63(6):1159-1165.
34. Wyatt A, Moreda M, Olson D. Understanding intracranial pressure. Nurs2008CritCare,4(5):19-23.
35. Leichter D. Brain tissue oxygen practice guidelines using the LICOX monitoring system. J Neuroscience Nurs, 2005
36. Littlejohn L, Bader M. AACN-AANN protocols for practice: monitoring technologies in critically ill. Jones and Bartlett, 2009.
37. Palmieri RL. Wrapping your head around cranial nerves. Nurs2009,Sept:2-31.
38. Wood KE, McCartney J. Management of the potential organ donor. Transplantation Reviews, Oct 2008;21(4):204-218.
39. Molnar A. One drink over the line, Nurs2006CritCare,1(6):20-33.
40. McKinley MG. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome. CritCareNurs,June2005,25(3):40-49.
41. Gold JA, Rimal B, Nolan A, Nelson L. A strategy of escalating doses of benzodiazepine and phenobarbital administration reduces the need for mechancial ventilation in delirium tremens. CCM, 2007;35(3):724-430.
42. Bederson JB, Connolly ES, Batjer HH, et al. Guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, Stroke,2009;40:994-1025.
43. Moreda MV, Wyatt AH, Olson DM. Understanding intracranial pressure monitoring. Nurs2009CritCare, Nov 2009;4(6):42-47.
44. Arbour R, Waterhouse J, Seckel MA, Bucher L. Correlation between the Sedation-Agitation Scale and the Bispectral Index in ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, July/Aug 2009, 38(4):336-345.
45. Oddo M, Carrera E, Claasen J, et al. Continuous electroencephalography in the medical intensive care unit. Critical Care Medicine:June 2009;37(6): 2051-2056
46. Hillis TE. Determining brain death. Nursing2010:35-40.
47. Braindeath.org. http://www.braindeath.org/ confirm.htm.
48. Hickey JV. The Clinical Practice of Neurological & Neurosurgical Nursing. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/ Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:150–151.
49. Wijdicks EF, Varelas PN, Gronseth GS, Greer DM, American Academy of Neurology. Evidence- based guideline update: Neurology. 2010;74(23):1911–1918.
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Renal/Endo
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2. Broden CC. Acute renal failure and mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Nurse. 2009;29: 62-75
3. Cuhaci, B. Continuous renal replacement therapy circuit contamination. Crit Care Med, 2009;37(2):754-755.
4. Cooper B. Diuresis in renal failure: Treat the patient, not the urine output. Crit Care Med, 2009;37(2):761-762.
5. Bouman C. Regional citrate anticoagulation. Critical Care Medicine,2009; 37 (2): 764-765
6. Konick-McMahan Acute adrenal insufficiency. Nursing 2006 Crit Care, 1;(5):52-57.
7. Miller C. Hyperglycemia in the critically ill: Part I. Nursing 2006, Sept:64cc1-64cc5.
8. Miller C. Hyperglycemia in the critically ill: Part II. Nursing 2006, Oct:64cc1-64cc3.
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10. Marik PE, Pastores SM, Annane D. Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: Consensus statements from an international task force by the American College of Critical Care Medicine Crit Care Med 2008; 36:1937–1949.
11. Ostermann M, Chang R. Acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit according to RIFLE. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:1837–1843
12. Mehta R. From acute renal failure to acute kidney injury: Emerging concepts. Critical Care Medicine: May 2008;36(5):1641-1642.
13. Dirkes S, Hodge K. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in the Adult Intensive Care Unit: History and Current Trends. Crit Care Nurse. 2007;27: 61-80
14. Lawrence S. Weisberg, Management of severe hyperkalemia. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:3246–3251
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Blood/IV’s/Lab
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2. American Association of Critical Care Nurses. Normal Laboratory Values (poster), 1999.
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4. Brown M, Whalen PK. Red blood cell transfusion in critically ill patients. Crit Care Nurse, December 2000;Suppl:1-14
5. Holcomb SS. Anemia. Nursing 2001;31(7):36-43.
6. Fitzpatrick L. Blood products. Nursing 2002;32(5):36-41.
7. Rauen CA. Blood transfusion in the intensive care unit. CritCareNurs,June 2008;28(3):78-79.
8. Katz EA. Blood transfusion: friend or foe. Adv Crit Care, 2009;20(2):155-163.
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13. Proctor K. Hypertonic resuscitation: is it all in the timing. CCM,2008;36(9):2692-2693.
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Trauma
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2. American College of Surgeons. Advanced Trauma Life Support. Chicago:2008.
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11. Bader MK, Arbour R. Refractory increased intracranial pressure in severe traumatic brain injury: Barbiturate coma and bispectral index monitoring. AACN Clin Issues, 2005;16(4):526-541.
12. Balogh Z, Caldwell E, Heetveld M, et al. Institutional practice guidelines on management of pelvic fracture-related hemodynamic instability. J Trauma, 2005;58(4):778-782.
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19. Boffard K, Riou B, Warren B, et al. Recombinant fact VIIa as adjunctive therapy for bleeding control in severely injured trauma patients. J Trauma, 2005;59:8-18.
20. Botteri M, Bandera E, Minelli C, Latronico N. Cerebral blood flow thresholds for cerebral ischemia in traumatic brain injury. A systematic review. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:3089 –3092
21. Bowman JG. Pneumothorax, tension and traumatic. http://emedicine.com, August 26, 2006.
22. Brod VI, Krausz MM, Hirsh M, et al. Hemodynamic effects of combined treatment with oxygen and hypertonic saline in hemorrhagic shock. CCM, 2006;34(11):2784-2791.
23. Brummel-Ziedins K, Whelihan MF, Ziedins EG, Mann KG. The resuscitation fluid you choose may potentiate bleeding. J Trauma, 2006;61(6):1350-1358.
24. Bullock MR, Chestnut R, Ghajar J, et al. Surgical management of traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery, 2006;58(3):S2-S66.
25. Cancio LC, Chavez S, Alvarado-Ortega M, et al. Predicting increased fluid requirements during the resuscitation of thermally injured patients J Trauma, 2004;56(2):404-414.
26. Carillo EH, Kozloff M, Saridakis A, et al. Topical sealant for the management of persistent posttraumatic pneumothorax. J Trauma, 2006;60(1):111-114.
27. Chang JJ, Youn TS, Benson D, et al. Physiologic and functional outcome correlates of brain tissue hypoxia in traumatic brain injury. CCM, 2009;37:283-290.
28. Cheatham ML, Malbrain MLNG, Kirkpatrick A, et al.. Results from the international conference of experts on intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome: II. recommendations. Intensive Care Med, 2007;33(6):951-962
29. Chestnut RM, Ghajar J, Maas AR, et al. Early indicators of prognosis in severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma, 2007;24, Suppl.1:153-255.
30. Chi JH, Knudson MM, Vassar MJ, et al. Prehospital hypoxia affects outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury. J Trauma, 2006;61(5):1134-1141.
31. Coles JP, Fryer TD, Coleman MR, et al. Hyperventilation following head injury: effect on ischemic burden and cerebral oxidative metabolism. CCM, 2007;35(2):568-578.
32. Cothren CC, Osborn PM, Moore EE, et al. Preperitoneal pelvic packing for hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture. J Trauma, 2007;62(4):834-842.
33. Cottingham CA. Resuscitation of traumatic shock: a hemodynamic review. AACN Adv Crit Care, 2006;17(3):317-326.
34. D’Arcy Y. Easing pain from blunt thoracic trauma. Nursing 2005;35(12):17.
35. Davis DP, Mamata K, V GM. Head-injured patients who talk and die. J Trauma,2007;62(2):277-281.
36. Duane TM, Dechert T, Wolfe LG, et al. Clinical examination and its reliability in identifying cervical spine fractures. J Trauma, 2007;62(6):1405-1410.
37 Dutton, RP. Carson, JL. Indications for early red blood cell transfusion. J Trauma, 2006; 60(6):S35-S40.
38. Engstrom M, Schott U, Romner B, et al. Acidosis impairs coagulation. J Trauma, 2006;61(3):624-628.
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39. Frakes MA, Evans T. Major pelvic fractures. CCN, 2004;24(2):18-32.
40. Gallagher JJ. Ask the Experts: Procedure for monitoring intra-abdominal pressure via an indwelling urinary catheter. Crit Care Nurse. 2007;27: 64-67
41. Greenhalgh DG. Burn resuscitation. J Burn Care & Res., 2007;28(4):555-565.
42. Griffin XL. Pullinger R. Are diagnostic peritoneal lavage or FAST safe after blunt abdominal trauma? a review of the literature. J Trauma, 2007;62(3):779-784.
43. Haan JM, Bochicchio GV, Kramer N, Scalea TM. Nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury: a 5-year experience. J Trauma, 2005;58(3):492-498.
44. Hadley MN. Guidelines for the management of acute cervical spinal and spinal cord injuries. Neurosurgery, March 2002:50(3)Supplement: S2-S199.
45. Henzler D, Cooper DJ, Tremayne AB, et al. Early modifiable factors associated with fatal outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Critical Care Medicine. 35(4):1027-1031, April 2007
46. Hess JR, Lawson JH. The coagulopathy of trauma versus disseminated Intravascular coagulation. J Trauma, 2006;60(6):S12-S19.
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48. Hirose H, Gill IS, Malangoni MA. Nonoperative management of traumatic aortic injury. J Trauma 2006;60(3):597-601.
49. Hirshberg A, Hoyt DB, Mattox KL. Timing of resuscitation shapes the hemodynamic response to uncontrolled hemorrhage. J Trauma, 2006;60(6):1221-1227.
50. Holcomb JB, Jenkins D, Rhee P, et al Damage control resuscitation: directly addressing the early coagulopathy of trauma. J Trauma, 2007;62(2):307-310.
51. Ipaktchi K, Arbabi S. Advances in burn critical care. CCM, 2006;34(Suppl.):S239-S244.
52. Ismailov RM, Ness RB, Redmond CK, et al. Trauma associated with cardiac dysrhythmias. J Trauma, 2007;62(5):11866-1191.
53. Ivascy FA, Janzyk RJ, Junn FS, et al. Treatment of trauma patients with intracranial hemorrhage on preinjury warfarin. J Trauma, 2006;61(2):318-321.
54. Kaplan M. Negative pressure wound therapy in the management of abdominal compartment syndrome. Ostomy/Wound Management, 2004;50(11 suppl):20S-25S.
54. Katz, L, Nauriyal V, Nagaraj S, et al. Infrared imaging of trauma patients for detection of acute compartment syndrome of the leg. Crit Care Med, 2008;36(6):1756-1761.
55. Kauver DS, Lefering R. Impact of hemorrhage on trauma outcome. J Trauma, 2006;60(6):S3-S11
56. Kimbrell BJ,Yamzon J, Petrone P, et al. Intrapleural thrombolysis for the management of undrained traumatic hemothorax. J Trauma, 2007;62(5):1175-1179.
57. Kuan JK, Wright JL, Nathens AB, et al. Organ injury scale for kidney injries predicts nephrectomy, dialysis, and deaths. J Trauma, 2006;60(2):351-356.
58 Lemke DM. Sympathetic storm after sever traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Nurse, 2007;27(1):30-38.
59 Littlejohns L, Bader MK. Prevention of secondary brain injury. AACN Clin Issues, 2005;16(4):501-514.
60. Levi M, Peters M, Buller HR. Efficacy and safety of recombinant factor VIIa for treatment of severe bleeding: a systematic review. CCM, 2005;33(4):883-890.
61. Lapointe LA, Von Rueden KT. Coagulopathies in trauma pts. AACN Clin Issues, 2002;13(2):192-203.
62. Malbrain MLNG, Cheatham ML, Kirkpatrick A. Results of the international conference of experts on intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome: I. definitions. Intensive Care Med, 2006;32(11):1722-1732.
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64. Nath DS, McGonigal MD. A missed cervical cord injury caused by a stab wound to the neck. J Trauma, 2007;62(2):529-531.
65. Norton CK, Linenfelser PI, Cyron KE, et al. Trauma and intraabdominal hypertension. AJN, 2006;106(7):51-55. AAP Grand Rounds,2007,17(2).
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71. Papadopoulos SM et al. Immediate spinal cord decompression for cervical spinal cord injury. J Trauma, 2002;52(2):323-332.
72. Paralyzed Veterans of America: Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine. Early Acute Management in Adults with Spinal Cord Injury: a Clinical Practice Guideline for Health-Care Providers, Washington DC, 2008. www.pva.org.
73. Perl M, Gebhard F, Bruckner UB, et al. Pulmonary contusion causes impairment of macrophage and lymphocyte immune functions and increased mortality. CCM, 2005;33(6):1351-1358.
74. Platzer P, Hauswirth N, Jaindl M. Delayed or missed diagnosis of cervical spine injuries. J Trauma, 2006;61(1):150-155.
75. Rhee P, Kuncir EJ, Johnson L. Cervical spine injury is highly dependent on the mechanism of injury following blunt and penetrating assault. J Trauma, 2006;61(5):1168-1170.
76 Rose L. Recombinant factor VIIa. AACN Adv Crit Care, 2007;18(2):141-148.
77. Sanson K. Controversies in the management of spinal cord injury. CCM, 2006;6(2):202-204.
78. Scalea TM, Bochicchio GV, Habashi N, et al. Increased intra-abdominal, intrathoracic, and intracranial pressure after severe brain injury: multiple compartment syndrome. J Trauma, 2007;62(3):647-656.
79. Schulman CI, Carvajal D, Lopez PP. Incidence and crash mechanisms of aortic injury during the past decade. J Trauma, 2007;62(3):664-667.
80. Skulka PC. Initial evaluation and management of the burn patient. http://emedicine.com, 2003.
81. Sperry JL, Gentilello LM, Minei JP, et al. Waiting for the patient to “sober up”: effect of alcohol intoxication on GCS score of brain injured patients. J Trauma, 2006;61(6):1305-1311.
82. Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, et al. Multiple subfailures characterize blunt aortic injury. J Trauma, 2007;62(5):1171-1174.
83. Sutton E, Bochicchio GV, Bochicchio K, et al. Long term impact of damage control surgery. J Trauma, 2006;61(4):831-836.
84. Tien HC, Cunha JRF, Wu SN, et al. Do trauma patients with a GCS score of 3 and bilateral fixed and dilated pupils have any chance of survival? J Trauma, 2006;60(2):274-278.
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86. Seamon MJ, Fisher CA, Gaughan J, et al. Prehospital procedures before emergency department thoracotomy: “Scoop and Run” saves lives. J Trauma, 2007;63(1):113-120.
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